Chemotactic signaling and beyond: link between IL-16 and axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis

Chemotactic signaling and beyond: link between interleukin-16 and axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis.

In vivo imaging of axonal degeneration and axonal transport in mouse models of multiple sclerosis

Novel therapeutic targets for axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a devastating neurological condition that mainly affects young adults and is associated with long-standing morbidity. The pathophysiology of MS is believed to involve immune-mediated multifocal lesions in the CNS that are characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury. Most research efforts to date have concentrated on the mechanisms of immune-mediate...

White-matter astrocytes, axonal energy metabolism, and axonal degeneration in multiple sclerosis.

In patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a diffuse axonal degeneration occurring throughout the white matter of the central nervous system causes progressive neurologic disability. The underlying mechanism is unclear. This review describes a number of pathways by which dysfunctional astrocytes in MS might lead to axonal degeneration. White-matter astrocytes in MS show a reduced metabolism of a...

The Relationship between Glutamate and Multiple Sclerosis

Glutamate is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system which is involved in synaptic transmission, brain development, synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. Normally, the enzymatic destruction of glutamate does not occur in the synaptic and extracellular space, but glutamate is removed through specific transporter proteins, leading to stabilization of glut...